Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (JCPSP), is an open access, peer reviewed monthly biomedical journal of the country published regularly since 1991. College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan is the parent body of this Journal.

The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide credits to educational activities.

CPSP designates '3 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits' for review of the manuscript of an original study.

Latest Articles

Volume 36 | Issue 9 | September 2026

Pre-Pandemic Scientific Insights into Influenza A (H3N2): Viral Evolution, Host Responses, and Evidence-Based Preventive Strategies

By Mostafa Ahmed Abdellah Ahmed, Hafiz Muhammad Haseeb Khaliq
Page # 1105-1106

Relationship Between Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Elderly Patients

By Yijian Yu, Zhe Xue
Page # 1107-1113

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the association between comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)-related projects and indicators of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in hospitalised older adults, and to evaluate their predictive value for HFpEF risk. Study Design: An observationa...

Deep Learning-Based Evaluation of Impacted Third Molars with Open and Closed Apices on CBCT

By Suay Yagmur Unal, Gaye Keser, Filiz Namdar Pekiner
Page # 1114-1119

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and evaluate a deep learning approach for the automated segmentation of impacted third molars on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and the classification of each tooth’s root apex as open or closed. Study Design: An observational study. Place and Durati...

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: Clinicoradiological Parameters Associated with Fibrosis Patterns

By Huseyin Alper Kiziloglu, Halil Ibrahim Yakar
Page # 1120-1125

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relative frequency of conditions causing different types of fibrosis [usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)] in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), a newly defined disease. Study Design: A cross-sectional ...

Patterns of Cancer Frequency in Balochistan: Regional Perspectives and Implications for Cancer Control

By Fatima Safdar, Sidra Arshad, Laila Zaib, Riaz Sirzameen, Shahid Pervez
Page # 1126-1131

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the distribution of cancers across different age groups among residents of Balochistan from 2021 to 2024 and compare these patterns with those observed in other provinces of Pakistan. Study Design: An observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Pathology-bas...

Postoperative Infection after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Benchmarking Machine-Learning Models in a Real-World Cohort

By Hongwei Zhao, Jianzhe Wang, Qi Chen, Hang Yang, Guohua Fan
Page # 1132-1137

ABSTRACT Objective: To benchmark machine-learning (ML) models for predicting postoperative infection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in a real-world cohort. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of General Surgery, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing...

Cribriform Growth in Gleason Score 7 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Its Association with Pathological Parameters

By Rabia Ali, Humaira Erum, Mahin Shams, Yousra Zahid, Amna Khurshid, Asad Jafri
Page # 1138-1144

ABSTRACT Objective: To quantify the proportion of cribriform pattern in Gleason score (GS) 7 prostate cancer (PCa) and evaluate its association with established pathological parameters. Study Design: An analytical study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National...

Immunohistochemical Expression of Fascin-1 in Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Association with Pathological Grade and Stage

By Parsa Kainat, Zahid Ali Nohri, Muhammad Rahil Khan, Riyasat Ahmed Memon, Yusra Shafquat, Ikram Din Ujjan
Page # 1145-1150

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the expression of Fascin-1 in colorectal carcinoma and analyse its association with clinicopathological parameters and pathological stage. Study Design: A cross-sectional Study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical ...

Clinical Implications of Refined CD4⁺ T-Lymphocyte Count Stratification for 30-Day and 180-Day Mortality in HIV-Associated Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

By Sitong Wang, Yunlong Xue, Yulin Zhang
Page # 1151-1159

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between refined CD4+ T-lymphocyte count stratification and 30-day and 180-day all-cause mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC), thereby supporting risk stratification and treatment optimisation. Study D...

Efficiency and Safety of Torsional IP Mode and Combined Torsional-Longitudinal Mode for the Management of Grade 5 Cataract

By Suleyman Gokhan Kerci, Berna Sahan
Page # 1160-1163

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the efficiency and safety of torsional Intelligent Phaco (IP) mode with those of the combined torsional– longitudinal mode for the treatment of Grade 5 cataracts. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Ophthalmology...

Assessing the Frequency, Type, and Severity of Drug-Induced Liver Injury with Azole Antifungal Drugs for Dermatophytosis

By Madiha Sajid, Sabhita Shabir Shaikh, Shazia Siddiqui, Sadaf Ahmed Asim, Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
Page # 1164-1169

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency, nature, and severity of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) among patients receiving azole antifungal agents for superficial fungal skin infections. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of National Institute of L...

Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Severity with Nocturnal Blood Pressure and Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Hypertension

By Huirong Sun, Le Xie, Luzhen Gan, Yiye Wang
Page # 1170-1174

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity with nocturnal blood pressure patterns, blood pressure variability (BPV), and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with hypertension. Study Design: An observational study. Place and Duration of the Study:...

Preoperative Prediction of Impacted Ureteric Stones Using the Impacted Stone Formula

By Muhammad Hummam Siddique, Syed Muhammad Nazim, Ramna Nadeem, Noor Ul Ain Zehra
Page # 1175-1180

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Impacted Stone Formula (ISF) in a South Asian cohort undergoing semirigid ureteroscopy (URS). Study Design: An analytical study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Urology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, ...

Rethinking Transfusion Strategies in CABG: Acute Normovolaemic Haemodilution versus Conventional Transfusion: A Systematic Review

By Diyan Muhammad, Taimur Asif Ali, Muhammad Anas Khan, Adil Khan, Sabir Shah, Izaz Iqbal
Page # 1181-1186

ABSTRACT Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is among the most commonly performed cardiac surgical procedures worldwide and frequently requires perioperative blood transfusion. Acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH) is a simple and economical strategy that aims to reduce the need for allogeneic ...

A Meta-Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Pakistan

By Shafee Ur Rehman
Page # 1187-1193

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (HIVDR) creates a threat to the extended success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) while making it harder to control the HIV epidemic. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to analyse Pakistani studies from 2015 to 2025 that documented HIVD...

Association Between Oral Health Status and Oral Frailty in Older Inpatients

By Qiang Ren, Weican Chen, Bingjie Zhang
Page # 1194-1199

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between oral health status and oral frailty in older inpatients, provide a basis for the early detection and treatment of oral frailty, and improve their health and quality of life. Study Design: An observational study. Place and Duration of the St...

Appropriateness of Antibiotic Dosing in Patients with Augmented Renal Clearance in Cardiovascular Surgery and Coronary Intensive Care Units

By Ayse Gul Kocoglu Kinal, Yunus Emre Ayhan
Page # 1200-1204

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic dosing in patients with augmented renal clearance (ARC) admitted to the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit (CVS-ICU) and the coronary intensive care unit (CICU). Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Stu...

Endoscopic Spine Surgery for the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis with Spinal Stenosis in Elderly Patients

By Zheng Li, Chongchao Yan, Na Zhong, Zhongxu Bai, Jianpeng Zhang, Wenkui Zhao
Page # 1205-1209

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) and spinal stenosis. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthopaedics, Baoding No.1 Hospital,...

A Novel Metric to Guide Cancer Priorities in Pakistan

By Aashir Aslam, Syed Nabeel Zafar
Page # 1210-1213

ABSTRACT Pakistan faces an escalating cancer burden, with approximately 185,748 new cases and 118,631 deaths annually. According to GLOBOCAN data, breast cancer (16.5%), lip/oral cavity cancer (8.6%), and lung cancer (5.1%) are the most prevalent, with breast cancer alone accounting for 31.3% of fem...

Unpacking Enteric Fever in Pakistan: Insights into Clinical Patterns and Financial Burdens

By Maria Khan, Saba Khan, Shifa Basharat, Zufishan Batool
Page # 1214-1216

ABSTRACT Typhoid fever (TF) and paratyphoid fever (PTF), collectively known as enteric fever (EF), are acute febrile illnesses that are common and cause significant morbidity and mortality. EF is responsible for about 26.9 million cases of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with Asian nations accoun...

Serum Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Levels in Hypertensive and Normotensive Individuals

By Kiran Iftikhar, Muhammad Husnain, Noor Sehar, Muhammad Ahmad Malik, Saqib Sohail
Page # 1217-1219

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study aimed to compare serum Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) levels in hypertensive and normotensive non-obese individuals. A total of 41 hypertensive and 41 normotensive subjects aged ≥40 years were enrolled. Hypertension was defined as a blood pressure (BP) of &ge...

Palliative Care in the Emergency Department: A Step Forward

By Sarah Afzal Kothari, Muhammad Atif Waqar, Shahan Waheed
Page # 1220-1222

ABSTRACT Palliative care, as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO), focuses on improving the quality of life for patients facing life- limiting illnesses by addressing pain, distressing symptoms, and psychological and spiritual needs. There is an increasing demand for palliative care, while...

Brugada Syndrome in Pakistan: A Context-Adapted Screen-Refer-Treat-Collaborate Framework Based on the Re-evaluation of a 2015 JCPSP Case

By Ning Wang
Page # 1223-1224

Paired Oesophageal Diverticula: An Unusual Endoscopic Finding

By Chen Yuan, Zhenguo Qiao
Page # 1225-1225

Decades of Dengue in Pakistan: Is It Finally Time for a Vaccine?

By Versha Rani Rai
Page # 1226-1226

Restrictive Lung Pattern in End-Stage Renal Disease: Beyond Uraemia and Fluid Overload?

By Amna Khan
Page # 1227-1228

Calcified Pilomatricoma
(Calcifying Epithelioma of Malherbe) of the Right Thigh: A Slow-Growing Lesion Present for 20 Years

By Paras Abbas, Rakhshanda Rashid, Shaista Khursheed
Page # 1229-1230

A Case of Femur Nonunion after One Year of Intramedullary Nailing Treated with Dynamisation and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation

By Haiye Gan, Guangsu Zhang, Wenyuan Luo
Page # 1231-1232